| Home
| Product Overview | Detailed
Information | Australian ordering & pricing
information Contact us | Download a free trial version | endnote.com | Support and Services |
 |
 |
| Detailed Information |
| New
in EndNote X2
Contents:
|
||||||||
| An
Introduction to EndNote Researchers and teachers are all well aware of the difficulty of "keeping up with the literature". It's hard enough to find the time to locate and read everything relevant to your interests, and harder still to store the results so that you can quickly track down references, months or even years after you first read them. Many have started some kind of card index for this purpose, but most abandon it sooner or later because a system of filing by one criterion, such as author name, does not permit easy searching by another, such as specific keywords. Nor does it help much with the tedious task of inserting citations in a manuscript (for book, journal article, thesis etc), and compiling and formatting the corresponding bibliography. The latter task becomes even worse if citations and bibliography have to be re-formatted through several revisions of a manuscript, or for re-submission to another journal! The advent of personal computers has revolutionised approaches to each of these tasks. Indexed computer abstract services are now available for almost every field of academic endeavor, either by on-line access to large computer databases or from CD-ROM or disk distribution services which allow individual users to use their own computers to search reference databases and extract "downloads" of those references meeting specific search criteria. Bibliographic software applications such as EndNote provide database files structured for systematic storage of reference data (author(s), title, year, journal, publisher etc), either entered from the keyboard or extracted from service downloads. Personal databases can then be quickly sorted or searched, and sub-sets of references to particular topics can easily be extracted. Individual references can be annotated, and extra fields can be added to contain additional information, such as cross-referencing to your reprint collection. This alone provides tremendous advantages in terms of time saved and efficiency - but programs like EndNote also provide much more. They can be used with suitable word processors to allow insertion of citations in manuscripts with no more effort than a few mouse clicks, and automatic compilation and formatting of in-text citations, footnote citations and document bibliographies - each in an appropriate user-selected bibliographic style. EndNote comes with over 2,000 pre-defined styles (each appropriate to a particular journal or other publication medium), but it can also "learn" almost any of the thousands of other styles used in less popular publication media. If you want your in-text citations to appear as something like "(Smith, 1983)", or "(Smith, Jones et al., 1983)", or "[17]", or any of many other variants, then you have only to select or define a "style" and it will be done for you - automatically! If you want journal names in your bibliography to be printed in italics, or underlined, and you want volume numbers in bold face, issue numbers in (parentheses), a colon between issue number and pagination - then specify the style and EndNote will do the hard work for you. Other than entering a reference initially to your database, you don't need to type a word - in most cases, adding a reference to your manuscript and its bibliography involves no more than a simple mouse-click or "copy-and-paste" operation. If you need to change the formatting style (e.g. to submit a manuscript to a different journal), you need only select the new style and EndNote will re-format citations and bibliography to the new specifications - in seconds! In summary, EndNote is, firstly, a database manager, specialising in
storing, managing and locating bibliographic references in your private
reference "library". It is also a bibliography-maker which
can locate cited works in its databases and build and format appropriate
lists automatically. You can use it in conjunction with your word processor
to select and enter text and/or footnote citations (footnote access
is not available in some word processors), and it can scan the resulting
manuscript to format the citations and compile and format an appropriate
bibliography. Formatting is done in accordance with rules that you specify
- EndNote is provided with hundreds of common formatting "styles",
and others are available from EndNote's producers and distributors,
or through user groups. You can easily define your own formatting styles
if you wish. Once you have defined a style, EndNote stores it on disk,
so that you can use it again without having to re-define it. You can
easily share styles with colleagues who write for the same journals
as you do. This can be useful, for example, for graduate students writing
theses in a department or faculty that has its own unique reference
formatting rules - as many do. Once defined, the appropriate style can
be freely copied and used by others. |
||||||||
| How
is EndNote used? Of course, the first thing that you must do is to begin building your database, or "library", of references. Open EndNote and instruct it to open a new library file, which you name and store as usual on your disk drive. Then specify a new reference, and an editing screen will appear with blank fields to be "filled in" for the appropriate bibliographic data - author(s), date, title etc. EndNote recognises a wide variety of different reference types - journal
articles, books, book sections, edited books, newspaper or magazine
articles, conference proceedings, theses etc. - and presents appropriate
fields for each type. If you don't like EndNote's default reference
types, or the default fields provided for them, you can easily modify
them or add new ones to meet your own specifications. |
||||||||
| Keyboard
Data Entry Sample screen views for the most common EndNote operations are provided in figures linked to this text. For reproduction convenience these may have been reduced in size, and/or cropped to show only their essential features. Macintosh and Windows views will be as similar as the respective platforms permit. You begin by selecting the appropriate type for the new reference (e.g.
Journal Article, Book, Book Section etc.; Fig. 1)
and enter data for the first field (e.g. author name(s)). Press TAB,
and enter data for the next field (e.g. article title), and so on. Systematic
entry in this fashion minimises the risk of overlooking important information.
You can type or paste in lengthy abstracts and/or annotations if you
wish. Each EndNote 'library' file prior to EndNote 8, can hold up to
about 32,000 references, with up to 64,000 characters in any one reference
entry, and up to 32,000 characters (roughly 8 pages of text) in any
one field. However you can create and work simultaneously with multiple
library files, so that '32,000 references' is not a practical limit
to the size of your working library. EndNote version 8 onwards have
no restriction to the library size and are now unicode compliant. |
||||||||
| List
display: Once entered, references are displayed in
abbreviated form in a list window (Fig. 2), in
which they can be sorted on any of the displayed fields (up to 5 of
them) by simply clicking on the corresponding column head, and any desired
reference(s) can easily be located. Mouse-clicking on a reference in
this window at any time produces another scrollable window in which
full details of the reference are displayed (Fig. 3).
Importing from external sources: Alternatively, you may often be able to avoid tedious keyboard entry by downloading selected references from an on-line, disk or CD-ROM bibliographic service. As long as you can get the download in a suitable "tagged" format to identify the various pieces of information (without identification tags, your computer has no way of knowing the difference between an article title, its authors, or its abstract), you can almost always import the downloaded references into your EndNote library without having to enter them from the keyboard. This can obviously save a lot of time, and help to minimise or eliminate keyboard errors. In some cases (on-line reference sources complying with the Z39.50
protocol), EndNote can go on-line to the Internet, search the on-line
source and import the resulting downloads directly, without needing
a separate filtering procedure. It also comes with all the tools necessary
to write custom filters or Z39.50 connection files. |
||||||||
| Manuscript
citations and bibliographies: Suppose that you have built a database library containing several hundred references, and you are writing an article about dinosaurs. You have written something to make a point about Triceratops: "...While the true origin of this large reptile is quite uncertain at this time, it is thought to be from central or eastern Asia." You now wish to cite references to support this statement. To do this, you switch to your database library (which is accessible from most modern word processors while you are writing), and use EndNote's search facilities (Fig. 4) to locate and list all references in your database which contain the word 'Triceratops'. You can specify one or more individual fields to search, such as Title, Keywords or Abstract, or, as in this example, you can search all fields in all references. You can search the database by author, date, or by any word anywhere in the text (including keywords). If it finds any matches, EndNote will quickly list a sub-set of all references meeting your search criteria (Fig. 5), and allow you to inspect each one in detail, if you wish. EndNote has simple but powerful Boolean search capabilities, allowing simultaneous searching based on multiple search criteria, and an indexing system that permits searching of thousands of references in only a few seconds. |
||||||||
| Inserting
citations: You decide which of the references you wish to cite at any point in your document text (including two or more references at one point, if appropriate). Then you can simply select and insert that/those reference(s) in your word processor document at the current cursor position. EndNote will automatically place what it calls "temporary" (unformatted) citation(s) at the word processor cursor position (you don't need to type them, although you can if you wish). For example, suppose that you wish to cite the Billoski and Whitney references at this point. With temporary citations inserted, the text then becomes: " While the true origin of this larger reptile is quite uncertain at this time, it is thought to be from central or eastern Asia [Billoski, 1987 #7; Whitney, 1997 #19]." (Fig. 6)and you can carry on with your writing. Temporary citations are used to hold information about each reference in the text until you decide on how you want them finally formatted. They are normally enclosed in square brackets or curly braces (you can use other marker characters if you wish), and each one contains the (first) author's surname, the year of publication, and the record number of that reference in your EndNote library - enough information for EndNote to find that reference in your library file when it needs additional information for subsequent formatting of the final text citations and bibliography (see below). If you are using EndNote's Cite-While-You-Write ("CWYW")
feature and an appropriate word processor you can also initiate a search
of your reference library from within the word processor and insert
found citations directly into your document from the Search dialog. |
||||||||
| Formatting
citations and bibliography: With early versions of EndNote, when you finished the manuscript and inserted all of your temporary citations you saved the document as a word processor file, and switched back to EndNote. You opened the file with EndNote, and decided on the formats in which you wanted the citations and bibliography to be compiled - say, in the style of Science magazine, or MLA style, your own favorite journal, or perhaps one that you defined yourself. You selected the desired style, and instructed EndNote to format the paper. It scanned the manuscript, found each of the temporary citations that you inserted, located the corresponding references in the database, re-formatted the citations, and compiled and formatted the bibliography (Fig. 7). With later versions of EndNote (and an appropriate word processor) the procedure is even simpler - you need only select your formatting style in EndNote and without leaving the word processor issue a "Format bibliography" command (either by a simple menu selection or by clicking on a toolbar icon). If you are using EndNote's Cite-While-You-Write (CWYW) feature (see below), citations are automatically formatted, and your bibliography updated, continually as you write. You can always return to your manuscript, add, delete or modify citations, and re-format - even in a different style. Maybe Science rejects your great work, and you decide to send it to Nature instead. You will need to re-format both the in-text citations and the complete bibliography to accord with the different "rules" for the different journal, and this can be a very tedious manual task. With EndNote, you just select the Nature style, and tell EndNote to re-scan the document to generate a new manuscript formatted in the new style (Fig. 8). No re-typing or re-entry of data at all - just tell EndNote to re-format and it will do the whole job in seconds! EndNote versions 5 and later have a "Cite While You Write"
("CWYW") facility which can (optionally) be used in conjunction
with recent versions of Microsoft Word to format in-text citations automatically
as you insert them in your document, and also simultaneously to update
the formatted bibliography as you proceed. Thus the document as you
see it on the screen is always maintained in the formatted state, and
you can see immediately what it will look like instead of having to
wait for periodic 'batch' formats. You can turn this facility off if
you wish, and of course you can always unformat the document if desired
and re-format it (in the same or different formatting styles) as often
as necessary. |
||||||||
| Reading
lists, Annual Reports etc.: Of course, you may not necessarily wish or need to use EndNote in conjunction with a word processor for writing books or journal articles. Perhaps you simply wish to prepare a reading list of references selected from your database. Or perhaps you are a departmental secretary faced with the tedious task of compiling a list of publications, properly formatted, for inclusion in an annual report. In any of these or other similar cases, you can print the reference list (formatted according to any selected style) directly from EndNote. In the case of annual reports and the like, you can submit an EndNote database file for your department to a central compiler who can merge all the individual databases to produce a uniformly formatted publication list for the whole organisation. The possibilities are endless! This is only a very brief description, and the actual procedure you use may depend to some extent on your computer platform (Macintosh or PC) and on your word processor. There is much more that EndNote can do that is necessarily omitted from this brief introductory description. For example, when formatting citations, bibliographies, reading lists etc. you can specify such details as: * Where, and how many authors are to be listed, in citations and in the bibliography? Lastname, firstname or firstname, lastname? Full firstnames, or just initials? First author different from the others? In your text citations, do you want to use et al.? If so, in italics or plain text? How many authors to list before et al.? Would you prefer to use "and others" instead?
EndNote can be instructed to take care automatically of these and many other details. In most cases you need only select from one of its included formatting styles, but it is also easy for you to define a new style for any special requirement. |
||||||||
| What
are its limitations? What can't EndNote do? It can't
read the references for you, and it can't assess their value or relevance
to your needs. But it will relieve you of much of the tedium of managing
your reference database, giving you much more time to read and think.
And its value in manuscript preparation is inestimable. There are few
teachers or researchers who will not find that it greatly enhances their
productivity. |
||||||||
|
||||||||
|
Create groups to view and manage subsets of references Drag and drop references into groups just as you do with playlists of music. Each EndNote X1 library can have up to 50 custom groups, and action-specific groups are created automatically for search results, file imports and reference transfers from EndNote Web, a companion product available via ISI Web of Knowledge. Cite While You Write(TM) in Microsoft® Word 2007 for Windows® EndNote X1 presents a new tab in Word 2007 for Windows to replace the Tools menu of previous versions. This new EndNote tab makes the most common Cite While You Write options easy to locate and select in one click. View and manage more reference details The library list display now reveals all authors so you can review more information instantly. The “Link to PDF” field is renamed to “File Attachment” for organizing up to 45 files per reference. Your custom reference types can now be exported and imported between computers easily. And, you can control the display font for the “Search” window and reference field labels Other new features:
Convert ProCite databases to EndNote libraries automatically. |
||||||||
|
Organize your PDF files with EndNote libraries. Compressed library option. Search and collect references updated. |
||||||||
Macintosh system requirements & compatibility
EndNote 11 System Requirements:
Handheld Requirements:
Macintosh Word Processor Compatibility:
Windows system requirements & compatibility EndNote X2
Version X2 Word Processor Compatibility:
EndNote X1.0.1 (Note WIN 2000 SP3, XP SP2 and Vista 32 bit only).
Handheld Requirements:
Version X1 Word Processor Compatibility:
Crandon Services Pty. Ltd. has a policy of keeping Australian prices for the EndNote range as low as possible. We allow discounts for multiple-copy purchases (5 or more copies in one order). We also quote special prices for larger orders (20 or more copies). At present EndNote is also available in Workstation Licence packs (formerly called "Lab-Packs") of 5 or more copies, and there is a Volume Purchasing option for 20 or more licenses, at reduced prices. Site licenses may provide an economical alternative for institutions with larger numbers of actual or potential EndNote users. Please contact Crandon Services Pty. Ltd . for details. |
||||||||
| Figures: |
| Fig. 1: Data entry / edit / review window |
 |
| Fig. 2: List window |
 |
| Fig. 3: Portion of details entered for one reference. |
 |
| Fig. 4: Search window |
 |
| Fig. 5: Results of search |
 |
| Fig. 6: Temporary citations copied to word
processor document
.. it is thought to be from central or eastern Asia [Billoski, 1987 #7; Whitney, 1987 #19]. |
| Fig. 7: Manuscript formatted in one form of
Author-Date style
.. it is thought to be from central or eastern Asia (Billoski
1987; Whitney, Billoski et al. 1987).
References
Billoski, T.V. (1987) "Triceratops extinction linked to asteroid collision." Science 79, 75-76.
|
| Fig. 8: Manuscript re-formatted in Nature
style (no re-typing)
... it is thought to be from central or eastern Asia 1,
2.
References
1. Billoski, T.V. Science 79, 75-76 (1987).
|
| Home
| Product Overview | Detailed
Information | Australian ordering & pricing
information Contact us | Download a free trial version | endnote.com | Support and Services |